Pronunciation and Spelling of Numbers
Sayıların Okunuşu ve Yazılışı
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Colors
Renkler
Personal Pronouns
Şahıs Zamirleri
| ben | I |
| sen | you |
| o | she, he, it |
| biz | we |
| siz | you |
| onlar | they |
NOTE 1: Personal pronouns are limited to six in Turkish. He, she, it are all expressed by "O" as it is shown above in the table.
NOTE 2: Notice the differences in the singular and plural forms of the second person. The plural form is used the same as in English, but the second person singular form "SEN" is used:
1. Between members of the family,
2. Talking to people who are younger than us,
3. Between old friends or in close friendships.
So, the second person plural form "SİZ" expresses a delicacy and respect; it is generally used to address people in business life, someone older than us or someone we had newly met and in all relations that are not close. Finally "SİZ" is the formal, or polite form of "YOU".
Demonstrative Pronouns
İşaret Sıfatları
| Subjective Case | | Objective Case | | Dative | |||
| bu | this | bunu | this | buna | to this | ||
| şu | that | şunu | that | şuna | to that | ||
| o | that | onu | that | ona | to that | ||
| bunlar | these | bunları | these | bunlara | to these | ||
| şunlar | those | şunları | those | şunlara | to those | ||
| onlar | those | onları | those | onlara | to those | ||
Units Of time
Zaman Birimleri
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| Monday | |
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| Tuesday | |
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| Wednesday | |
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| Thursday | |
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| Friday | |
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| Saturday |
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| January | |
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| February | |
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| April | |
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| May | |
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| June | |
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| July | |
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| August | |
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| September | |
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| October | |
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| November | |
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| December |
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| winter | |
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| spring | |
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| summer | |
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| autumn / fall |
Plural Forms Of Nouns
İsimlerin Çoğul Şekilleri
Plural forms of the nouns are formed by the suffix -LER. In order to conform to Major Vowel Harmony it sometimes appears as -LAR. In order to choose which suffix will be added to a noun look at the last syllable of the noun. If the vowel of the last syllable is one of İ, E, Ö, Ü use -LER, otherwise use -LAR.
Examples
Örnekler
| çocuk |
| çocuk | + lar |
| children |
| kalem | kalem | + ler | pencils | ||
| kağıt | kağıt | + lar | papers | ||
| kitap | kitap | + lar | books | ||
| defter | defter | + ler | notebooks | ||
| çanta | çanta | + lar | bags | ||
| adam | adam | + lar | men | ||
| kadın | kadın | + lar | women | ||
| otel | otel | + ler | hotels | ||
| taksi | taksi | + ler | taxies | ||
| gece | gece | + ler | nights | ||
| ev | ev | + ler | homes | ||
| gün | gün | + ler | days | ||
| insan | insan | + lar | people | ||
| kız | kız | + lar | girls |
Family Members
Aile Bireyleri
| baba | father |
| anne | mother |
| karı | wife |
| koca | husband |
| kız çocuk | daughter |
| erkek çocuk/oğul | son |
TellingTimes
Zamanlar
| It is half past nine. | ||
| It is nine thirty. | ||
| It is a quarter to ten. | ||
| It is nine forty five. | ||
| It is twenty past eight. | ||
| It is ten to eight thirty. | ||
| It is half past twelve [noon]. | ||
| It is half past twelve. | ||
| It is thirty six past three. | ||
| It is twenty to four. |
At what time do you get up in the mornings?
Sabahları saat kaçta kalkarsın?
I get up at quarter to eight.
Ben saat yediye çeyrek kala kalkarım.
At what time do you go to school?
Okula kaçta gidersin?
I usually go to school at ten past eight.
Ben genellikle sekizi on geçe okula giderim.
Be careful about the words GEÇE and KALA that are used in the answers of questions of the type "At what time do you..?"
Adjectives
Sıfatlar
| Adjectives | Comparative Form | Superlative Form |
| güzel | daha güzel | en güzel |
| büyük | daha büyük | en büyük |
| temiz | daha temiz | en temiz |
| iyi | daha iyi | en iyi |
| çirkin | daha çirkin | en çirkin |
| akıllı | daha akıllı | en akıllı |
| çalışkan | daha çalışkan | en çalışkan |
| çabuk | daha çabuk | en çabuk |
| sakin | daha sakin | en sakin |
Shopping
Alışveriş
Ayşe is at the shopping now
Ayşe alışverişte